Space-time risk clusters of COVID-19 in a tourism area in the northeastern Brazil: an epidemiological overview after two years of pandemic

The world is facing a serious viral infection caused by the new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. We aimed to evaluate and map the high-risk clusters of COVID-19 in the State of Alagoas, a touristic area in northeastern Brazil, after two years of pandemic by a population-based ecological study, using COVID-19 cases reported in the State of Alagoas, between March, 2020 and April, 2022. We performed a descriptive and statistical analysis of epidemiological data. We then map high-risk areas for COVID-19, using spatial analysis, considering the incidence rate by municipality. 297,972 positive cases were registered;56.9% were female and 42.7% aged between 20 and 39 years old. Men (OR = 1.59) and older than 60 years old (OR = 29.64) had a higher risk of death, while the highest incidence rates of the disease occurred in the metropolitan region. Our data demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 in the State of Alagoas, through the two years of pandemic. Although the number of cases were greater among women and young adults, the chance of death was greater among men and older adults. High-risk clusters of the disease initially occur in metropolitan cities and tourist areas.

Good Architecture Matters: The Architect's Perspective on Design for Ageing and Energy Efficiency

Custom-built solutions for ageing, urban regeneration, energy efficiency, thermal performance, and well-being are contemporary challenges that have prompted considerable research over the past decades. In the construction field, subjects such as energy efficiency and thermal performance are often addressed within the scope of mandatory regulations, the suitability of construction solutions and the incorporation of technical equipment. Considering four residential structures for older adults under construction in Portugal, this paper aims to highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to these issues, including architectural quality as the main target. In pursuit of this, a cohesive set of intervention principles guided the analysis: the adaptive reuse of raw materials;taking advantage of the site's conditions;vegetation (type and location);construction options and durability;solar exposure and shading;the pedagogy of building use;and the comfort and thermal perception. Several reflections emerge from the analysis: good architectural design must consider dynamic models incorporating each context and the site's conditions;the culture of use and maintenance and the notion of "adaptive comfort" are primary factors to enhance thermal performance and energy efficiency;and each building is a unique result of a complex negotiation process. Bridging research through practice, and multidisciplinary scientific integration enable engagement with reality and raise awareness of the constraints and challenges to innovation in LTC design.

Oral manifestations of COVID-19 infection

The aftereffect and consequences of COVID-19 are multiple and include dissimilar aspects, with a great negative impact on health systems and humanity. In this sense, having updated and relevant information favors the arduous confrontation with this pandemic. The purpose of this research is updating knowledge about the oral manifestations of COVID-19 infection. A bibliographical review was carried out. The search was carried out through Google Scholar, SciELO and other information sources from the Cuba Virtual Health Library. The impact of COVID-19 on oral health is determined by the patient's immune system, the pharmacotherapy they receive, and the pathogenesis of the virus. Symptoms of dry mouth, hypogeusia, dysgeusia, and ageusia predominate, even before respiratory symptoms. Other manifestations include oropharyngeal candidiasis;appear approximately in 5% of patients, days after diagnosis. The main oral manifestations related to COVID-19 reported in the literature are: hyposalivation, xerostomia, ageusia, hypogeusia, dysgeusia, herpetic lesions, and candidiasis.

Bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles in Scopus on medical education and COVID-19

The current pandemic had a great impact on world health, and also greatly affected medical education, which had to move to the non-face-to-face modality, limiting hospital contact with patients, health institutions and university campuses. As a result, scientific production in medical education increased. Therefore, the research aimed at describing the characteristics of the 100 most cited articles in Scopus on medical education and COVID-19, during the period 2020-2021. Through a descriptive, retrospective, bibliometric-type descriptive study, a search was conducted in the Scopus database and the 100 most cited articles in the area of medical education and COVID-19 in the selected period were identified. The 100 articles included were cited 6616 times. It was found that the most frequent type of publication was the original article (64%). The top contributing country was the United States with 37 publications. In addition, the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard Medical School were the institutions that contributed the most publications. It is concluded that, due to the pandemic, research in medical education is taking more attention and this is shown by the increase in the metrics. This study will serve to recognize research trends and gaps in knowledge. © 2023, Centro Nacional de Informacion de Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved.

History and Global Status of the New Coronavirus Covid-2019 and Aspects of Previous Infections of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Coronaviruses (CoV) is a diverse group of viruses that has been described in the literature since 1960, SARS, MERS, and the most recent SARS-CoV-2. This new virus is causing a worldwide pandemic outbreak in the first half of 2020, thousands of deaths, and a signifi-cant economic crisis. Objective(s): Due to this new context, the present study aimed to conduct a systematic study review of the new Coronavirus's global status (COVID-2019) and its aspects compared to the previous SARS-CoV infections MERS-CoV. Method(s): The study was conducted from January to September 2020, 89 clinical cases were sub-mitted to further analysis, and 77 studies were selected for systematic review under the PRISMA guidelines. Conclusion(s): In some countries, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic appears to be out of control. In case of suspicion, tests are essential to identify the early stages of infection. If necessary, patients need to go into quarantine, and other public health measures should be taken following the World Health Organization guidelines. Advanced support is needed to identify and isolate infected patients, espe-cially vaccines and medicines that help control the virus and the epidemiological situation in each country. These measures are expected to reduce the rate of new cases of SARS-CoV-2.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.

2022 Annual World Congress of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe disease that can progress to clinical decompensation, risk of hospitalization and death owing to disease-related or other diseases. In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), PH was considered a risk factor for complications. The purpose of the study was to assess the mortality rate of COVID-19 in PH patients from a PH Center in Brazil. We conducted a telephone survey between June and August 2021 among all patients or relatives from the PH referral center who were followed after the first case of COVID- 19 in Brazil. Only patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PH were included in the analysis. Of the 426 patients followed in the first 18 months of the pandemic, 115 patients were excluded (lost to follow-up, post-acute PE or unconfirmed PH). Among 311 patients included, 39 had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (COVID-19 + ), and 38.5% of patients were hospitalized. The estimated incidence rate was 12.5%. Comparing the COVID-19+ versus patients without infection (COVID-19 - ) in the period, the mean age was similar (55 +/- 17 vs. 54 +/- 16 years) and the majority in the COVID-19+ group were female (85% vs. 69%, p = 0.039), respectively. There was no difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH;49% and 42%) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH;24% and 33%) between groups. All PAH patients and the majority of CTEPH patients were treated on specific therapy (combination/triple therapy, 70%). The case fatality rate in the PH-COVID-19+ group was 23%. Considering only PAH and CTEPH, the case fatality rate was 21,9%, while COVID-19 mortality was 2.9% and overall lethality in Brazil was 2.8%. In the COVID-19+ group, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 48 +/- 14 mmHg, cardiac index 2.7 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2 and pulmonary vascular resistance 730 +/- 424 dyn.s/cm5. In conclusion, among PH patients there was high incidence and mortality from COVID-19, even in those with PHspecific therapy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic predictors in PH-COVID-19 patients.

2022 Annual World Congress of the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe disease that can progress to clinical decompensation, risk of hospitalization and death owing to disease-related or other diseases. In the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), PH was considered a risk factor for complications. The purpose of the study was to assess the mortality rate of COVID-19 in PH patients from a PH Center in Brazil. We conducted a telephone survey between June and August 2021 among all patients or relatives from the PH referral center who were followed after the first case of COVID- 19 in Brazil. Only patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PH were included in the analysis. Of the 426 patients followed in the first 18 months of the pandemic, 115 patients were excluded (lost to follow-up, post-acute PE or unconfirmed PH). Among 311 patients included, 39 had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 (COVID-19 + ), and 38.5% of patients were hospitalized. The estimated incidence rate was 12.5%. Comparing the COVID-19+ versus patients without infection (COVID-19 - ) in the period, the mean age was similar (55 +/- 17 vs. 54 +/- 16 years) and the majority in the COVID-19+ group were female (85% vs. 69%, p = 0.039), respectively. There was no difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH;49% and 42%) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH;24% and 33%) between groups. All PAH patients and the majority of CTEPH patients were treated on specific therapy (combination/triple therapy, 70%). The case fatality rate in the PH-COVID-19+ group was 23%. Considering only PAH and CTEPH, the case fatality rate was 21,9%, while COVID-19 mortality was 2.9% and overall lethality in Brazil was 2.8%. In the COVID-19+ group, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 48 +/- 14 mmHg, cardiac index 2.7 +/- 0.6 L/min/m2 and pulmonary vascular resistance 730 +/- 424 dyn.s/cm5. In conclusion, among PH patients there was high incidence and mortality from COVID-19, even in those with PHspecific therapy. Further studies are needed to evaluate the prognostic predictors in PH-COVID-19 patients.

Clinical/biochemical characteristics and related outcomes in people with new-onset diabetes and COVID-19: experience from a single centre

Aims: It is known that there is a bidirectional relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It has been described that those patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 could develop severe metabolic decompensation of pre-existing or new-onset DM, although diabetogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2 has still not been well consolidated. In fact, the coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and new-onset DM is an infrequent situation. Method(s): We describe the clinical and analytical characteristics of 19 patients admitted to a Spanish tertiary hospital - all 19 having COVID-19 infection and new-onset DM. Result(s): 12/19 patients (63.2%) were female;the mean age at diagnosis of DM was 54 (39-65) years. The most frequent ethnic group was Caucasian (n=9), followed by Latin-American (n=7);7/19 (36.8%) previously met criteria for prediabetes due to altered basal glycaemia or HbA1c. The mean BMI at diagnosis was 32.26kg/m2 (27.62-35.18kg/m2). Eighteen of 19 patients (94.7%) showed bilateral bronchopneumonia. The mean blood glucose of the first blood was 17.5mmol/L (11.1-21.1mmol/L), and the mean HbA1c was 88mmol/mol (60-115mmol/mol). C-peptide was requested in eight patients and it was within normal range in 87.5% (n=7) and below the inferior threshold in one case. Autoantibodies were requested in 26.3% (five patients), being negative in 4/5 (80%) and positive in 1/5 (20%). Regarding the type of diabetes diagnosed, 18 were type 2 DM and only one case was diagnosed with type 1 DM. Seventeen had simple hyperglycaemia and two suffered a diabetic ketoacidosis. The mean HbA1c at 8.0 months (5.0-12.0 months) follow-up was 42mmol/mol (40-49mmol/mol). Conclusion(s): The majority of those described had type 2 DM that appears to have been unmasked by the COVID-19 infection, since they had high HbA1c and several risk factors for diabetes development, such as obesity and prediabetes. Most of them had their pancreatic reserve preserved, and this may suggest insulin resistance as the aetiology rather than direct beta-cell damage. A good evolution of diabetes after hospital discharge was observed in the patients followed up at our centre. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons. Copyright © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chronic insomnia in older adults produced by the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has rocked our society to its core. Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in later life and impacts approximately 20%-50% of older adults >65 years, therefore, especially vulnerable to mental health problems, including fear, anxiety and depression. Objective(s): To analyse the changes in older patients with chronic insomnia produced by the covid-19 pandemic. Method(s): Consecutives individuals aged >=65 years of the sleep unit were included, 50 patients before a COVID-19 pandemic (BeCOVID) and 50 patients posterior a COVID-19 pandemic (POSTCOVID). Clinical history specific for sleep disorders;scores on sleep-questionnaires: Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) >=8 sleepiness mild, moderate or severe;Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)>=15 clinical insomnia moderate or severe;psychological tests Beck depression inventory (BDI-II), no-mild <=19, moderate-severe (20-63);the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) considered positive above 50th percentile. Result(s): A total of 8 patients BeCOVID and 25 POSTCOVID with chronic insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorders in older adults produced by COVID-19 (p = < 0,001), age (72.5 +/- 0.8 and 71 +/- 0.9) years old. Intake of benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs in (63/40%), nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drugs (13/12%) and antidepressants (25/32%) of the patients. Chronic diseases (hypertension 75/76%;mellitus diabetes 38/18%, dyslipidaemia 56/25%;glaucoma 38/8%), psychiatric disease previous 0/8%. Other sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea 63/72%, rest leg syndrome 32/25%, periodic leg movement (PLM) disorders 63/16%, REM sleep behaviours disorders 0/4% and circadian rhythms disorders 2/2%. When comparing polysomnography no significant difference were observed in sleep architecture parameters such as sleep latency, REM sleep latency, efficiency, total sleep time, proportion of sleep stages (N1, N2, N3 y REM), wake after sleep onset, arousals index, PLM index or apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) or changes of phases number were observed. Sleeps questionnaires show moderate or severe clinical insomnia in 50/76%, depression mild 20/32%, moderate 20/16% severe 0/8%, anxiety state 60/40% and trait 60/64%. Conclusion(s): Immediate interventions are essential in order to enhance psychological resilience.COVID-19 pandemic was associated an increase of chronic insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder in older patients.

Classic and genetic cardiovascular risk burden and case-fatality from SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. The CARGENCORS study

Background: The disease presentation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to fatal. COVID-19 patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors or overt cardiovascular disease more often develop severe COVID-19, which are also related to thrombotic, inflammatory, and to viral infectivity response. We hypothesised that despite some genetic predisposition, especially in COVID-19 severity, the main determinants of fatal complications in COVID-19 patients are related to comorbidity. Purpose: To determine the role of genetics and cardiovascular comorbidity in mortality from COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 3,120 patients with positive COVID-19 test from several hospitals and primary care between February 2020 and June 2021. Among them 1,096 required hospitalization, and 121 died within 3 months after symptom onset. Standard parametric and non-parametric methods, as required, were used to compare patient characteristics by vital status. Individual genotypes for 32 CAD, 14 thrombosis, 19 inflammation, and 11 viral infectivity single nucleotide variants (SNV), as well as, 2 COVID-19 SNVs already published were tested for association with mortality with Cochran-Armitage statistics and p-values corrected for multiple comparisons. The mutually-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of fatal COVID-19 was analysed for SNVs significantly associated to case-fatality, with their adverse alleles count (0, 1 or 2), and for comorbidity factors with logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. The discrimination of the models was also estimated by the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Fatal and non-fatal cases' characteristics are compared in Table 1. Fatal cases had a more adverse cardiovascular and anthropometric risk profile. After correcting for multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg method, we observed the inflammation-related rs6993770 SNV to be significantly associated with COVID-19 fatality (p-value = 0.04). The CAD-related rs9982601 and rs2505083 SNVs, and the thrombosis-related rs7853989 SNV were moderately associated with COVID-19 fatality (p-value ≤0.1). On Figure 1 we show the adjusted OR for rs6993770 (OR: 1.02;95% CI 1.01–1.03 per risk allele) and that for clinical factors related to COVID-19 case-fatality. The AUC of the model was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.88), which not improved that of a model with clinical risk factors alone (AUC: 0.84;95% CI 0.81–0.87). Conclusion: The rs6993770 inflammation (interleukin measurement trait)-related SNV was independently associated to case fatality;however the outcome was mainly driven by age, male sex, diabetes, and glomerular filtration rate. Funding Acknowledgement: Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development FundAgency for Management of University and Research GrantsCrue-CSIC-Santander FONDO SUPERA COVID-19

Exploring the correlation between votes for Bolsonaro and deaths by Covid-19 in Brazil, 2018-2022

The article describes the following aspects regarding the pandemic of Covid-19 in Brazil: 1. the positive statistical correlation between votes for Bolsonaro in the 2018's presidential elections and deaths caused by Covid-19, at the descriptive level of federal units;2. the uncorrelated relation between votes for Bolsonaro and the popular adhesion to the vaccination campaign after June 2021;3. the drop in death rates after June 2021 and the persistence of the correlation between proportional deaths and votes after it. Considering this empirical analysis, we suggest some paths for future historical and sociological research on the causal mechanisms for this apparent association.

Sustainability from the gastronomy industry perspective: analysis of the gastronomic network of the Campos Gerais, Parana

Five dimensions allow to understand sustainable development from a multidisciplinary perspective: the geographic, the economic, the ecological, the social and the cultural ones. Different attitudes can be adopted by the gastronomic sector which contribute to a sustainability-focused management. In view of this, the aim of the present article is to discuss the perception of sustainability from the gastronomy industry perspective. For this, in addition to a literature review a quali-quantitative approach was taken through the compilation of a questionnaire which was electronically sent to establishments that form the Campos Gerais gastronomic network in Parana. The current pandemic scenario was taken into account in order to identify attitudes that allowed the establishments to remain operational in the face of the restrictions imposed by Covid-19. Twenty-two of twenty-five associated establishments responded to the survey, most of them showing to have adopted sustainable management actions and, especially regarding the pandemic scenario, adaptations that allowed them to remain in business.

Genetic risk score for risk stratification of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus. The CARGENCORS study

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Fund Government of Catalonia through the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants Crue-CSIC-Santander FONDO SUPERA COVID-19 Background The disease presentation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ranges from asymptomatic to fatal. COVID-19 patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors or overt cardiovascular disease are at particular risk of severe disease. We hypothesised that a specific genetic risk score (GRS) based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) allele count to score COVID-19 severity might include SNPs counts related to CAD incidence and to thrombosis, inflammation, and viral infectivity determinants involved in the severity of SARS-CoV-2. Such GRS could improve the early risk stratification of COVID-19 patients and optimize treatment strategies. Purpose To evaluate the capacity of a genetic risk score (GRS) with candidate genes to predict COVID-19 severity. Methods We conducted an age- and sex-matched case-control study with 1:2 ratio recruitment involving 2454 patients from Catalan hospitals and primary care. Cases were hospitalized severe (requiring at least oxygen treatment) or fatal COVID-19 patients;and controls were moderate-symptom and asymptomatic patients treated at home. Standard parametric and non-parametric methods, as required, were used to compare patient characteristics by severity. Individual genotypes for 33 CAD, 14 thrombosis, 22 inflammation, 15 viral infectivity SNPs and 2 COVID-19 SNPs already published were tested for association with severity with Cochran-Armitage statistics and p-values corrected for multiple comparisons. GRS was computed as the unweighted count of adverse alleles (0, 1 or 2). The odds ratio of severe COVID-19 was analysed for GRS (and its component SNPs) with logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Area under the curve (AUC) improvement and net reclassification index (NRI) for GRS was estimated from a basic model including CAD and COVID-19 severity risk factors. Models’ performance was measured with the Akaike information criterion. Results SNPs identifications are not shown to prevent patent conflict. Cases and control characteristics are compared in Table 1. Cases had a more adverse cardiovascular and anthropometric risk profile. After correcting for multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg criteria, we observed 13 SNPs to be significantly associated with severity. After excluding the close SNPs in linkage disequilibrium, 7 were retained in the GRS model, which yielded the discrimination and reclassification characteristics described in Table 2. Conclusion A GRS with 7 SNPs related to CAD, thrombosis and inflammation significantly improves the severe COVID-19 risk assessment done with age, sex, comorbidity, and anthropometry alone. CV and anthropometric risk profile OR of COVID-19 severity for a 7-SNP GRS

Genetic risk score for risk stratification of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 virus. The CARGENCORS study

Background: The disease presentation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ranges from asymptomatic to fatal. COVID-19 patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors or overt cardiovascular disease are at particular risk of severe disease. We hypothesised that a specific genetic risk score (GRS) based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) allele count to score COVID-19 severity might include SNPs counts related to CAD incidence and to thrombosis, inflammation, and viral infectivity determinants involved in the severity of SARS-CoV-2. Such GRS could improve the early risk stratification of COVID-19 patients and optimize treatment strategies. Purpose: To evaluate the capacity of a genetic risk score (GRS) with candidate genes to predict COVID-19 severity. Methods: We conducted an age- and sex-matched case-control study with 1:2 ratio recruitment involving 2454 patients from Catalan hospitals and primary care. Cases were hospitalized severe (requiring at least oxygen treatment) or fatal COVID-19 patients;and controls were moderate-symptom and asymptomatic patients treated at home. Standard parametric and non-parametric methods, as required, were used to compare patient characteristics by severity. Individual genotypes for 33 CAD, 14 thrombosis, 22 inflammation, 15 viral infectivity SNPs and 2 COVID-19 SNPs already published were tested for association with severity with Cochran-Armitage statistics and p-values corrected for multiple comparisons. GRS was computed as the unweighted count of adverse alleles (0, 1 or 2). The odds ratio of severe COVID-19 was analysed for GRS (and its component SNPs) with logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Area under the curve (AUC) improvement and net reclassification index (NRI) for GRS was estimated from a basic model including CAD and COVID-19 severity risk factors. Models' performance was measured with the Akaike information criterion. Results: SNPs identifications are not shown to prevent patent conflict. Cases and control characteristics are compared in Table 1. Cases had a more adverse cardiovascular and anthropometric risk profile. After correcting for multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg criteria, we observed 13 SNPs to be significantly associated with severity. After excluding the close SNPs in linkage disequilibrium, 7 were retained in the GRS model, which yielded the discrimination and reclassification characteristics described in Table 2. Conclusion: A GRS with 7 SNPs related to CAD, thrombosis and inflammation significantly improves the severe COVID-19 risk assessment done with age, sex, comorbidity, and anthropometry alone. (Figure Presented).

CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: WHAT IS THE PLACE OF CHILDREN AND THE RIGHT TO PLAY?

This text portrays the research that aimed to map contemporary strategies, research and policies that ensured the place of the right to play in childhood in the contemporary context of the Covid-19 pandemic. An exploratory qualitative approach was used, through bibliographic and documentary research, and digital communications. The analysis consisted of data collection and analysis of the strategies found on digital platforms and social networks. This interlocution evidenced epistemological and political reflections of recognition of childhood as a social category, of children as active members of society and as subjects of the different institutions in which they participate. In addition, it presented playful practices, guided and developed by educators and families, occurred in the contemporary pandemic context that somehow guaranteed the right to play. It revealed the need to develop public policies, research, diverse strategies and training processes that reposition the place of play within society, for teachers and families.

Use of Teletherapy for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD, During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

The distribution of teletreatment carried out by psychologists during the COVID-19 pandemic for GAD, specific phobia, agoraphobia, social anxiety, panic, OCD and PTSD, and whether experience in teletherapy has an significant effect on demand have not been studied. The results indicate that GAD with 69.2% has been the disorder that has received the most teletherapy and phobia with 60.5%, the least. Panic, social anxiety, PTSD, OCD, and agoraphobia had a demand of 67.2%, 66.8%, 64.0%, 63.5%, and 62.2%, respectively. The experience in teletherapy was significant. Tele-treatment for experienced psychologists increased an average of 93.9% compared to 35.7% for those without experience. 22.8% of psychologists did not carry out anxiety teletherapy. These results may be useful to develop specific prevention and telematic intervention programs for anxiety disorders in the face of future coronavirus pandemics. © 2022. Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Ansiedad y el Estrés - SEAS. Colegio de la Psicología de Madrid. Todos los derechos reservados. All Rights Reserved.